Hinrich bruns



- 2 sheets-sheer, 2; H. BRUNS. LOCK v (No Modli) No. 5 7,290. Patented Sept. 8,-1896.

q Qmmeooeo fitter/neg co. PNOTO-LIYHO UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HINRICH BRUNS, OF BREMERHAVEN, GERMANY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 567,290,

Application filed Tune 15, 1825.

. To all whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, HINRICH BRUNS, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Bremerhaven, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

' My invention relates to looks, and more particularly to that class of locks wherein guards or tumblers are employed, so as to require a key whose bit corresponds to the tumblers in order to operate thelock, and wherein the bolt is held in its locked position by a projection thereof engaging with shoulders formed as a part of the tumblers.

My invention has for its object to improve this form of lock, so that the tumblers will be positively moved first in one direction and then in the other direction in the operation of throwing and retracting the bolt to lock and unlock, thus dispensing with they neces sity of employing springs and imparting a positive swinging or oscillating movement to the tumblers by the direct action of the bit of the key thereon, the tumblers having an oscillating or swinging movement, butfno sliding movement, and also to impart a positive movement to the bolt in both directions by the direct action of the key thereon.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, the invention consists in the particular construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter particularly described, and then sought'to be'specifically defined by the claim, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof, and in which similar view showing the bolt completely thrown'and the tumblers or wards in their lowered position, thus locking the bolt in its dated September 8, 1896. Serial No. 552,941. (No model.)

thrown or protracted state. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section through a portion of the lock-key, showing the bit of the key in engagement with the wards or tumblers when in the position illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of the bolt andtwo wards or tumblers separated from each other. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the form of key employed in the form of lock illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5. Fig. 7 is a plan of a modified form of the lock and showing in connection therewith a gravitating 'weight for actuating the latch, such as illustrated in my United States Patent No. 483,298, of September 27, 1892. Fig. Sis a plan view of the lower portion of the lock-case, showing the tumblers in an elevated position and the bolt partially thrown. Fig. 9 is a horizontal 'sectioh through the lOck case on the dotted line 90f Fig. 8 and looking in the direction of the arrow and Fig. 10 is a vertical crosssection through the case, showing the key and other parts in the position illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings.

In the drawings the numeral 1 designates the case of the lock, in which is secured the sliding bolt 2, formed with the elongated slot 3, into which projects the pin 4 for the purpose of guiding the bolt in its sliding movement. The numerals 5 and 6 designate two tumblers or wards, which lie face to face and upon one side of the bolt 2. These tumblers or wards are pivoted to the lock-case by a pin 7, and the rear end of the bolt 2 is formed with a slot 8, through which the pin 7 extends so as not to interfere with the sliding of the bolt. The two wards 5 and 6 are formed with corresponding vertical openings 9 and 10,which are connected together by a central slot 11, thus forming shoulders 12 and .13 between the openings 9 and 10. A stud 14 projecting from the face of the bolt 2 lies within the openings thus formed, and in the retracted position'ofthe bolt 2 it lies within the opening 9 back of the shoulder 12, as indicated in Fig. 1 of th'e'drawings, and in the projected or thrown position of the bolt lies within the opening Q 10 forward of "the shoulder 12, as illustrated in Fig. 3 of lthe drawings, thus locking the; bolt in its thrown position. The two shoulders 12 and 13 enable the lock to be used either as a right or left hand lock as desired and as is obvious. llay no broad claim, however, to the tumblers or wards formed with the openings 9 and 10 and connecting-slot 11 to receive the stud 14, as I am aware that such features, broadly con sidered, have heretofore been employed in one form or another. The ward or tumbler 5 is formed with an eccentric opening 15 and the ward or tumbler 6 with an eccentric opening 16, the said openings in the two tumblers bein g concentric, but one of smaller radius than the other, as is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings. The eccentric openings 15 and 16 drop slightly at their bottom, as indicated at 17, so as to receive the lowest portion of the bit of the key and thus permit the key to be readily inserted in position for its shoulders to engage the walls of the eccentric openings when the key is turned so as to operate the tumblers or wards. The walls of the eccentric openings 15 and 16 are of the peculiar outline illustrated in. the drawings, said outline or contour being such that when the key is inserted its bit will bear against the portion 18 of the walls in turning the key to the left and thus lift both tumblers or wards until the slots 11 are in line with the stud 14 of the bolt, at which point the contour of the eccentric walls is such that the two tumblers, will be held practically stationary, while the key whose bit enters a recess 19 in the bottom of the bolt 2 will throw the bolt forward, carrying the stud 14 through the slots 11 as illustrated in 2 of the drawings, and after the stud has passed through those slots the bit of the key will bear against the portions of the eccentric walls 20 of the two tumblers, so as to carry the two wards or tumblers down and thus bring the shoulders 12 thereof back of the stud 14, as illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings, and accordingly lock the bolt in its thrown or projected position. When the bolt is to be drawn or retracted, the bit of the key first bears against the portions 20 of the walls of the eccentric openings in the wards and lifts both wards until the slots 11 are in line with the stud 14 of the bolt and then maintains the wards in practically a stationary position while the bit is forcing back the bolt 2 and carrying the stud 14 through the slot 11, after which the two wards are carried down while the bit of the key is bearing against the portions 18 of the wards. It will thus be observed that the up-and-down or oscillating movement of the two wards 5 and 6 is entirely independent of any springs and dependent entirely upon the movement of the bit of the key. It will further be ob.- served that the opposite portions 18 and 20 of the walls to the eccentric. openings 15 and 16 of the two wards are practically of the same outline or contour, so that the action of the bit of the key on said opposite portions is practically the same, and that the bit of the key maintains. the two wards practically at a stationary position while the bit is acting directly upon the bolt 2 so as to carry its stud through the slots 11. It will befurther observed that the construction is such that the wards or tumblers, while having an oscillating or swinging movement, do not have a sliding movement, and that the action of the bit of the key is directly upon the sliding bolt by reason of it being brought into the recess 19 of the bolt and made to act on the walls thereof. The key with this form of the lock is designated by the numeral 21 and its bit by the numeral 22. The shoulder 23 of the bit is the portion that acts upon the tumbler 5, and the shoulder or bottom of the notch 24 of the bit is the portion that acts upon the tumbler 6, while the shoulder 25 is the portion that acts upon the bolt 2, through the walls of the recess 19, so as to slide the bolt.

In the modified form illustrated in Figs. 7

to 10 of the drawings the wards or tumblers 26 and 17 are illustrated as lying on opposite sides of the bolt 2 and as pivoted toward the front of the lock-case 1 instead of toward the rear, as in the first form. The bolt 2 is formed with a slot 28, in which fits the head 29 of the pin 30, so as to guide the bolt in its sliding movement. Each of the wards or tumblers 26 and 27 is formed with the vertical openings 31 and 32,connected by the slot 33 so as to form the shoulders 34 and 35. The bolt 2 is formed with a stud 36 on each side so as to lie on one side or the other of the shoulders 34, according as the bolt may be in its retracted position or projected position, the same as in the first form of the lock described. Each tumbler or ward 26 and 27 is formed with an eccentric opening 37, the wall of which has such outline or contour that when the key is inserted in place the bit of the key will bear against the wall of the eccentric opening so as to lift the tumblers until the studs 36 are brought in line with the slots 33,whereupon the shoulder 39 of the bit will bear against the wall of the recess 38, formed in the bolt 2, and move forward the bolt until the studs 36 havepassed through the slots 33,after which the shoulders 40 of the keybit will bear against the wall of the eccentric openings 37 and carry the tumblers downward, thus causing the studs 36 to lie forward of the shoulders 34 and lock the bolt in its projected position, the wards. or tumblers being held practically stationary and in an elevated position while the studs 36 of the bolt 2 are being carried through the slots 33. The operation is substantially the same as that described for the form illustratedin Figs. 1 to 6 of the drawings, the positions of the wards or tumblers being merely changed, and the shoulders on the bit 41 of the key 42 changed in shape to conform to the position of the wards or tumblers. The ribs 43 are mere guides for the shoulders 44 of the key-bit.

The numeral 45 designates a latch, and 46 a gravity-weight for actuating the same, but as these parts are illustrated in my Letters Patent hereinbefore previously referred to and are not claimed specifically herein, further description thereof is unnecessary.

By constructing and arranging the parts as I have illustrated and described them I am IIO enabled to form a lock of the character described simple in construction, efficient in operation, difficult to pick, and operating entirely without the aid of springs, which are liable to break and get out of order and increase the expense of construction. The form of the eccentric openings in the guards or tumblers is an important feature, and besides enabling the tumblers to be easily operated by the proper key also guard against accidental derangement of the tumblers and renders the key more positive and direct in its application and operation.

I have described with particularity what I consider to be the preferred construction of each of the parts, but it is obvious that changes can be made in the details and the essential features of my invention be still employed.

Having described my invention and set forth its merits, what I claim is In a lock, the combination of a sliding bolt provided with a stud projecting from its side and having a recess formed in one edge to receive the bit of a key so that the bit will have a positive engagement with the walls of said recess for the purpose of moving the bolt back and forth, and a number of non-slidable wards or tumblers each formed with two openings connected by a slot of less depth than the openings so as to form shoulders between the openings and in which openings the stud of the bolt will fit, each of the wards or tumblers being also formed with an eccentric opening lying opposite the recess in the edge of the bolt, the wall of each eccentric opening being formed substantially as shown so that the bit of a key as it is turned in the opening will bear against the wall so as to first move the tumblers and bring the central slot of the connected openings in line with the stud and permit the bit to engage with the Wall of the recess in the edge of the bolt, then hold the tumblers in said position while the bit throws the bolt and shifts the stud through the central slot and positively move the tumblers in theopposite direction to bring them in position to lock the bolt, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HINRICH BRUNS.

WVitnesses:

J. D. MURPHY, M. LANGMAAOK. 

